Toxic Toys? Decoding Plastics Used in Kids’ Playthings

Decoding Plastics in Toys: Understanding What Your Child Plays With

This article aims to provide a clear understanding of the different types of plastics used in toys, focusing on potential health concerns and helping parents make informed decisions. We will explore the chemical composition of common toy plastics and offer guidance on identifying safer alternatives.

Why Understanding Toy Plastics Matters

Toys are ubiquitous in childhood. Because children often put toys in their mouths, it’s crucial to understand the materials they are made from. Some plastics contain chemicals that can leach out and potentially harm a child’s health. Understanding "what type of plastic is toys made of" empowers parents to minimize their children’s exposure to potentially harmful substances.

Common Types of Plastics Used in Toys

This section outlines the most frequently used plastics in toy manufacturing. Each plastic is characterized by its chemical composition, properties, and potential health concerns.

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

• Description: PVC is a versatile plastic known for its durability and flexibility. It’s often used in soft toys, dolls, and inflatable playthings.

• Potential Concerns: PVC can contain phthalates, chemicals added to make it more flexible. Phthalates have been linked to hormone disruption, developmental issues, and respiratory problems.

• Identification: Look for the recycling symbol #3 or the letters "PVC." The product may also feel oily or have a distinctive "plastic" smell.

Polypropylene (PP)

• Description: PP is a rigid and durable plastic often used in harder toys like building blocks, toy cars, and food containers.

• Potential Concerns: PP is generally considered a safer plastic choice compared to PVC. It is less likely to leach harmful chemicals. However, dyes and additives used in the production process can still pose potential risks, although they are generally less concerning than those found in PVC.

• Identification: Look for the recycling symbol #5 or the letters "PP." It tends to be more resistant to scratching and cracking than other plastics.

Polyethylene (PE)

• Description: PE comes in two main forms: High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE). HDPE is used for rigid toys, while LDPE is used for softer, more flexible items.

• Potential Concerns: PE is generally considered a safer plastic. It’s relatively stable and less likely to leach chemicals.

• Identification:

  • HDPE: Recycling symbol #2 or the letters "HDPE." It’s often used in containers, rigid toy parts, and outdoor play equipment.
  • LDPE: Recycling symbol #4 or the letters "LDPE." It’s used in squeeze toys, flexible packaging, and some plastic bags.

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)

• Description: ABS is a strong and rigid plastic known for its impact resistance. It’s often used in building blocks (like LEGOs), model kits, and electronic toys.

• Potential Concerns: ABS is generally considered a safer plastic. However, its manufacturing process can involve chemicals of concern. The final product is generally stable but care should be taken to avoid overheating that might lead to fumes.

• Identification: ABS plastic often feels smooth and has a slightly glossy finish. It can withstand more wear and tear compared to other plastics.

Polystyrene (PS)

• Description: PS can be found in two forms: expanded polystyrene (EPS), known as Styrofoam, and solid polystyrene. It’s occasionally used in toys, particularly in packaging or as filler material.

• Potential Concerns: Polystyrene can release styrene, a neurotoxin and potential carcinogen. Contact with styrene is more of a concern during manufacturing and when the product is heated, but it’s still wise to limit children’s exposure.

• Identification: PS is lightweight and rigid. Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is easily identified by its brittle, bead-like structure.

Identifying Plastics in Toys: Decoding Recycling Symbols

Recycling symbols on toys provide a starting point for identifying the type of plastic used. These symbols consist of a number inside a triangle of arrows.

• Important Note: The presence of a recycling symbol doesn’t automatically mean the toy is safe. It only indicates the type of plastic. Always consider the potential concerns associated with that particular plastic.

Recycling Symbol	Plastic Type	Common Toy Uses	Potential Concerns
#1	Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)	Seldom used in toys due to its brittle nature.	Rarely a concern when used in toys.
#2	High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE)	Rigid toy parts, containers, outdoor play equipment.	Generally considered safe.
#3	Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)	Soft toys, dolls, inflatable playthings.	Phthalates, hormone disruption, developmental issues.
#4	Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE)	Squeeze toys, flexible packaging.	Generally considered safe.
#5	Polypropylene (PP)	Building blocks, toy cars, food containers.	Dyes and additives may pose minor risks.
#6	Polystyrene (PS)	Packaging, filler material, seldom primary toy material	Styrene release, neurotoxin.
#7	Other Plastics (e.g., ABS, PC)	Various toys, including building blocks and electronics	ABS is generally safe; PC may contain Bisphenol A (BPA) in older toys

Choosing Safer Plastic Alternatives

While eliminating all plastics from a child’s play environment may be impossible, you can make informed choices to reduce their exposure to potentially harmful chemicals.

1. Opt for Phthalate-Free Toys: Look for toys specifically labeled as "phthalate-free." This is particularly important for soft plastic toys.

2. Choose Plastics Wisely: Prioritize toys made from PP, HDPE, or LDPE. These plastics are generally considered safer alternatives to PVC and PS.

3. Consider Non-Plastic Options: Explore toys made from natural materials like wood, cotton, or wool.

4. Buy from Reputable Manufacturers: Manufacturers with a strong reputation are more likely to adhere to safety standards and regulations.

5. Inspect Toys Regularly: Check toys for signs of wear and tear, such as cracks or peeling. Damaged toys are more likely to leach chemicals.

6. Wash New Toys: Wash new plastic toys with mild soap and water before allowing children to play with them.

So, next time you’re picking out a new toy, take a peek and think about what type of plastic is toys made of – a little awareness can go a long way in keeping playtime safe and fun!